http://www.apple.com/osx/what-is/security.html
OS X Mountain Lion
Gatekeeper makes it safer to download apps by protecting you from inadvertently installing malicious software on your Mac. The safest place to download apps for your Mac is the Mac App Store. Apple reviews each app before it’s accepted by the store, and if there’s ever a problem with an app, Apple can quickly remove it from the store. When you download software from any other place on the Internet, Gatekeeper makes that safer, too.
Developers can get a unique Developer ID from Apple and use it to digitally sign their apps. The Developer ID allows Gatekeeper to block apps created by malware developers and to verify that apps haven’t been tampered with. If an app was developed by an unknown developer — one with no Developer ID — Gatekeeper can keep your Mac safe by blocking the app from being installed.
The
App Sandbox in OS X helps ensure that apps do only what they’re intended to do.
App sandboxing isolates apps from the critical system components of your Mac, your data, and your other apps. Even if an app is compromised by malicious software, sandboxing automatically blocks it to keep your computer and your information safe. OS X Mountain Lion delivers even better sandboxing protection in Safari. And it adds sandboxing to new apps like Notes, Reminders, and Game Center, as well as existing apps such as Mail and FaceTime.
The technically sophisticated runtime protections in OS X Mountain Lion work at the very core of your Mac to help keep your system safe.
Built right into the processor, the XD (execute disable) feature creates a strong wall between memory used for data and memory used for executable instructions. This protects against malware that attempts to trick the Mac into treating data the same way it treats a program in order to compromise your system.
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) changes the memory locations where different parts of an app are stored. This makes it difficult for an attacker to do harm by finding and reordering parts of an app to make it do something it wasn’t intended to do. Mountain Lion brings ASLR to the memory used by the kernel at the heart of OS X, so the same defenses now work at every level in your Mac.
With
FileVault 2, your data is safe and secure — even if it falls into the wrong hands.
FileVault 2 encrypts the entire drive on your Mac, protecting your data with XTS-AES 128 encryption. Initial encryption is fast and unobtrusive. It can also encrypt any removable drive, helping you secure Time Machine backups or other external drives with ease. Want to start fresh or give your Mac to someone else? FileVault 2 makes it easy to clean data off your Mac. Instant wipe removes the encryption key from your Mac — making the data completely inaccessible — then proceeds with a thorough wipe of all data from the disk.
Innocent-looking files downloaded over the Internet may contain dangerous malware in disguise.
That’s why files you download using Safari, Mail, and Messages are screened to determine if they contain applications. If they do, OS X alerts you, then warns you the first time you open one. You decide whether to open the application or cancel the attempt. And
if a file contains software identified as malicious, OS X offers to move it to the Trash.
OS X makes it easy to stay safe online, whether you’re checking your bank account, sending confidential email, or sharing files with friends and coworkers. Features such as
Password Assistant help you create stronger passwords to thwart identity thieves, while built-in encryption technologies protect your private information and communications.
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